Biomechanical and histological analysis of the osseointegration of implants biofunctionalized by bioactive glass: preclinical study in hyperglycemic rabbits

Abstract

The aim of this research will be to investigate in hyperglycemic rabbits the osseointegration process of dental implants with surface treatment by nano-hydroxyapatite (Nanoha, UNITITE® Compact, SIN Implantes, Brazil) and posteriorly modified by biofunctionalization process through bioactive glass (BSF18®, Vetra Biomaterials, Brazil). For this, a total of 32 rabbits will be divided into 4 groups with 8 animals each, receiving a total of 2 implants on each side of the iliac bone (n=total of 4 implants/animal), the groups will be as follows: Group 1: normoglycemic rabbit with NanoHA® implants; Group 2: normoglycemic rabbit with NanoHA®+BSF18® implants; Group 3: hyperglycemic rabbit with NanoHA® implants; Group 4: hyperglycemic rabbit with NanoHA®+BSF18® implants. Initially, the rabbits in Groups 3 and 4 will be induced to Diabetes Mellitus (DM) with a dose of Aloxana® via an auricular vein, and Groups 1 and 2 will receive the saline solution, and after 72 hours a blood sample will be collected from all animals to challenge glycemic control. After the DM has stabilized, the animals will submit to the surgical procedure for installing the implants according to the groups and an analysis of the insertion torque of the installed implants will be evaluated. The animals will be euthanized after 14 days to obtain the surgical pieces. The iliac bone with implant installed will be removed and stabilized in a torque wrench so that an anti-clockwise movement will be performed in order to unscrew the implant, and thus the evaluation of the removal torque. The same pieces will be processed for decalcification for descriptive histological analysis. For statistical analysis, if the data generated is normal, the parametric tests of Anova complemented by the Tukey test will be used for the inferential analysis of the data. Otherwise, the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test complemented by the Dunn test will be used for data analysis. The tests will be applied with a 5% significance level. (AU)